Tata Cara Berta’aruf Dalam Islam

Proses ’ta’aruf’ merupakan suatu proses awal menuju proses selanjutnya, yaitu khitbah dan akhirnya sebuah pernikahan. Memang tidak semua sukses sampe tahap itu. Sang Sutradaralah yang mengatur. Semua adalah skenario dan rekayasaNya. Manusia hanya berencana dan ikhtiar, keputusan tetap dalam genggamanNya. Tapi kita manusia juga diberi pilihan. Hidup adalah pilihan. Mau baik ato buruk, mau syurga or neraka, mau sukses ato gagal, semua adalah pilihan. Namun tetap Allah Yang Maha Menentukan.

Berikut tata cara bertaaruf dalam islam dirangkum dalam pertanyaan dan jawaban


1). Bagaimana cara ta’aruf yang tidak melanggar agama, apa syaratnya?

Tidak ada aturan baku atau ketetapan khusus mengenai tata cara berta’aruf, namun harus tetap memperhatikan adab-adab dalam bergaul antara pria dan wanita.

Ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menjalankan proses ta’aruf agar tidak melanggar agama, diantaranya:

1. Membersihkan niat karena Allah
Bersihkan niat, dan ikhlaskan menikah adalah ibadah semata untuk mencari ridhaNya. Tidak mudah memang menerima “calon suami” kita apa adanya, apabila yang datang tidak sesuai dengan “kriteria” yang kita harapkan. Di sinilah sandungan/ujian pertama keikhlasan kita.

2. Berupaya menjaga kesucian acara ta’aruf
Agar kesucian acara ta’aruf terjaga maka harus jaga rambu-rambu syariah (tidak boleh berkhalwat, menjaga pandangan, menjaga aurat dll,) memilih tempat yang tepat (bukan tempat mencurigakan seperti kamar kos yang sempit, dan lain-lain) serta menjaga rahasia ta’aruf (sebaiknya orang lain [kecuali perantara] hanya tahu rencana pernikahan dari undangan saja)

3. Kejujuran kedua belah pihak dalam ta’aruf
Selama proses ta’aruf maka kedua belah pihak dipersilahkan menanyakan apa saja yang kamu butuhkan untuk mengarungi rumah tangga nantinya contohnya mengenai keadaan keluarga, prinsip dan harapan hidup, sesuatu yang disukai dan tidak disukai dll. Didalam ta’aruf, kamu ngak boleh bohong, ceritakan dirimu apa adanya, sehingga kedua belah pihak akan mengetahui bagaimana calonnya tersebut.

4. Selama proses ta’aruf, kedua belah pihak serius dan sopan dalam berbicara serta menghindari membicarakan hal-hal yang tidak perlu.

5. Menerima atau menolak dengan cara yang ahsan
Jika selama ta’aruf ditemukan kecocokan maka akan dilanjutkan kejenjang selanjutnya, namun jika selama ta’aruf tidak ditemukan kecocokan maka calon bisa menyudahi ta’aruf dengan cara yang baik dan menyatakan alasan yang masuk akal. Segera sampaikan ketidakcocokanmu, jangan sampai membuat calon menunggu lama, karena akan dikhawatirkan calon akan sangat kecewa karena telah terlalu berharap kepadamu.

6. Agar ta’aruf tidak melanggar agama, maka sebaiknya diperlukan perantara. Megapa?? Karena:
1. Dengan adanya perantara maka akan membantu kita untuk mencari informasi mengenai pasangan ta’aruf kita.
2. Ta’aruf yang dilakukan tanpa perantara maka akan rentan dari kebersihan hati, sebab jika ta’aruf dilakukan hanya berdua saja maka semua hal bisa saja terjadi. Kata-kata yang tidak sepatut dikeluarkan atau diumbar akan begitu mudah terlontarkan.
3. Dengan adanya perantara maka akan membantu mempertegas proses ta’aruf. Seorang perantara akan membantu memberikan batas waktu kepada pasangan ta’aruf, kapan deadline ta’aruf, kapan ta’aruf selanjutnya dilakukan, kapan pertemuan dengan orang tua, kapan acara lamaran dll. Semuanya akan menjadi jelas dan tidak berlama-lama. Berbeda dengan ta’aruf yang kamu lakukan berdua saja , kamu dan calon bisa ngak jelas dalam menentukan deadline.
4. Dengan adanya perantara maka sedikitnya akan mengurangi fitnah yang terjadi.

Kebanyakan orang mengira bahwa perantara ta’aruf adalah murabbi atau guru agama. Padahal siapa saja bisa menjadi perantara, misalnya orangtua, teman, saudara dan sebagainya. Kita pun bisa menjadi perantara, asalkan kita tahu dengan jelas siapa yang akan diperantarai dan mengetahui bagaimana cara ta’aruf yang dibenarkan oleh agama. Sebaiknya yang menjadi perantara adalah mereka yang telah menikah karena mereka sudah mengetahui proses menuju pernikahan dan untuk menghindari fitnah yang terjadi dengan salah satu calon ta’aruf.

2)}. Bagaimana proses ta’aruf yang sebenarnya?

Dalam hal ini juga tidak ada ketetapan khusus. Proses ta’aruf bisa dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, namun harus tetap sesuai dengan adab-adab dalam bergaul antar lawan jenis.

Ada proses ta’aruf (ta’aruf yang saya ketahui jika melalui murabbi) dimulai dengan membuat proposal (biodata diri) kemudian saling menukar biodata, mengadakan proses pertemuan disuatu tempat dengan disertai murabbinya, proses percakapan dengan calon pasangan dengan hijab/tabir yang menghalangi keduanya saling bertatapan, proses melihat calon pasangan, proses meminta kepastian apakah ta’aruf akan dilanjutkan atau tidak, memberikan tenggang waktu untuk berpikir atau melakukan istikharah, kemudian jika pasangan sudah merasa cocok maka akan dilanjutkan pada proses selanjutnya yaitu kapan waktu khitbah dan proses selanjutnya.

Adapun proses yang saya ketahui jika melalui orang tua, saudara, sahabat dll yaitu dimulai dengan menanyakan apakah bersedia diperkenalkan dengan calon ta’aruf, menentukan kapan waktu ta’arufan, menentukan tempat pertemuan (biasanya pihak pria datang kerumah pihak wanita, namun juga bisa ditempat lainnya), memperkenalkan kedua calon ta’aruf (selama ini boleh mempertanyakan sesuatu yang diperlukan), kedua calon pulang kerumah masing2 dan diberikan tenggang waktu untuk berpikir atau istikharah, kemudian jika pasangan sudah merasa cocok maka akan dilanjutkan pada proses selanjutnya yaitu kapan waktu khitbah dan proses selanjutnya.

Kira-kira begitulah proses ta’arufan yang saya ketahui, maaf jika dalam proses ini saya salah menerangkan karna mengenai proses ta’aruf ini tidak ada ketetapan baku, tergantung masing-masing dan harus tetap sesuai dengan adab bergaul antar lawan jenis.

3)}. Apakah Boleh pada saat Ta’aruf saling mengirim sms, saling menelepon?

Untuk jawaban pertanyaan ini, saya akan mengutarakan 2 jawaban yang berbeda dari berbagai sumber.
1. Ada yang menyatakan menelepon ataupun saling berkirim sms, hukumnya adalah mubah selama aktivitas tersebut tidak mengajak kepada kemungkaran atau kefasikan, hanya membicarakan yang seperlunya untuk mengetahui atau mengenali calon pasangan.
2. Ada yang menyatakan saling SMS dilarang. Betapa banyak mereka yang tergelincir disebabkan fitnah komunikasi. Tak pandang bulu, baik orang awam atau para penuntut ilmu agama. Fitnah hati memang sesuatu yang sulit dikendalikan, apalagi dalam masa kesendirian. Manusia hatinya sangat lemah. Di saat itulah setan masuk. Sehingga, seseorang tidak bisa beralasan bahwa dirinya mampu menjaga hati untuk melegalkan SMS dengan calon tambatan hati. Saat pintu-pintu keakraban terbuka, keintiman akan terbentuk. Misalnya dengan mengirim kata-kata yang belum selayaknya terucapkan.

Nah…diantara kedua jawaban tersebut maka pikirkanlah yang terbaik menurut sahabat, namun alangkah baiknya untuk ber sms an (termasuk media lain yang hanya berkomunikasi berduaan saja dengan calon pasangan) perlu dihindari untuk menjaga hati, segala sesuatu mengenai pasangan bisa kita tanyakan kepada perantara. Tapi jika memang diperlukan dan mendesak serta tidak bisa melalui mahramnya maka harus tetap hati-hati, sms seperlunya saja, jangan ditambah-tambah dengan gurauan, rayuan ataupun yang sejenisnya yang tidak perlu. Karena syetan sangat pandai menggoda Bani Adam, maka berhati-hatilah dari tipu dayanya. Demikian juga pada umumnya seorang akhwat jika diberikan perhatian oleh seorang ikhwan baik lewat sms, tulisan atau yang sejenisnya maka dia akan tertarik walaupun ikhwan tersebut tidak ada niatan untuk menggodanya. Oleh karena itu hindarilah percakapan yang tidak penting, menghindari kata-kata yang dapat merusak hati dan jangan melampoi batas, ber sms hanya seperlunya saja dalam rangka proses menuju pernikahan. Karena dengan sering ber smsan dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan fitnah dan dapat terjerumus dalam kegiatan pacaran.

4)} Apakah dengan sekali ta’aruf langsung nikah bisa menjamin keluarga SAMARA?

Pertanyaan ini menurut saya sama halnya dengan pertanyaan “apakah dengan berpacaran berbulan-bulan bahkan bertahun-tahun pacaran bisa menjamin keluarga SAMARA?

Dan jawabannya “tidak ada yang bisa menjamin apa-apa kecuali jika Allah menghendaki dan tergantung dengan usaha suami istri dalam memperjuangkan sebuah hubungan agar menjadi keluarga SAMARA”. Mengapa kita harus menjerumuskan diri kedalam tindakan sia-sia (pacaran) jika tindakan tersebut juga tidak menjamin apa-apa malah hanya akan menambah dosa.

Banyak kok pasangan-pasangan yang hanya ta’arufan beberapa kali bertemu memiliki keluarga SAMARA. Seperti halnya sahabat saya, yang masa ta’arufannya hanya sekali pertemuan. Dalam waktu yang sesingkat itu mereka saling bertanya, mengetahui apa yang dianggap mereka perlu. Setelah percakapan yang dirasa cukup, akhirnya mereka sepakat untuk melanjutkan kejenjang selanjutnya. 2 tahun sudah usia pernikahan mereka dan keluarga mereka sangat bahagia. Dan juga sepupu saya yang sudah 10 thn lebih usia pernikahan mereka yang bahagia juga dengan awal perkenalan melalui cara ta’aruf.

Banyak orang berpendapat, bagaimana caranya dengan waktu yang sesingkat itu kita bisa merasakan kecocokan, jika saya tidak menjalani hubungan bagaimana saya bisa mengetahui kecocokan dalam berumah tangga apalagi disaat terjadi masalah??

Wajar jika ada rasa khawatir nantinya akan tidak cocok, bagaimana nanti jika ada perbedaan dan pertengkaran, oleh karena itu persiapkan hati, yakin dengan proses yang dijalani, tanamkanlah sebuah komitmen inilah pilihan saya,dan saya harus siap dengan segala resikonya dan tidak lupa berdoa terus mohon di beri kelanggengan dalam rumah tangga. Namanya menikah tidak melulu harus sempurna, saling belajar dan mencoba mencari kesamaan dan jalan keluar yang terbaik jika ada pertengkaran. Yang terpenting dalam menjalaninya ikhlas tanpa paksaan, ikhlas dengan pilihan dan ikhlas menerima segala kelebihan dan kekurangan pasangan.

Banyak juga kok yang pernikahanya bahagia, tidak terjadi permasalahan yang serius dengan proses seperti ini. Sedangkan menjalani proses pacaran juga tidak menjamin anda bisa lebih mengenal calon pasangan, dari cerita-cerita teman tidak sedikit yang merasa terjadi perbedaan sikap dan karakter pasangan di saat telah memasuki jenjang pernikahan, hal ini tidak menutup kemungkinan pada saat pacaran yang jelek ditutupi, berbeda dengan ta’aruf dimana kedua calon pasangan diminta untuk jujur dan menurut saya disitulah letak penjajakan yg sebenarnya apakah si calon bisa menerima kekurangan tersebut.

Banyak orang mengatakan pernikahan adalah akhir dari cinta, namun yang sebenarnya pernikahan adalah awal dari sebuah cinta, karna dengan pernikahan inilah cinta yang sesungguhnya dibuktikan dan diperjuangkan. Oleh karena itu, selama ta’arufan, carilah sesuatu yang dapat membuat kita tertarik padanya. Sesuatu yang dapat membuat ketertarikan inilah yang akan berkembang menjadi cinta dan diperjuangkan selama pernikahan.

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TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL IN THE CLASSROOM USING VOICE CHAT MEDIA AT TENTH GRADE

Written : ZAINUDDIN

NPM : 20098100926

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

KUSUMA NEGARA JAKARTA

2013

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

English is an international language which people afford to master. English use as guidance for any instruction or any communication in the world involve relationship, business, networking etc. So most of people think that English become a main need language after their mother tongue because it has many advantages in many aspects.

The important of speaking skill for student is in order that they can speak it forthrightly and confidently with their classmates, and then, they get used in rehearsing English conversation so that they are at clumsy in practicing at gradually.

In this case, the teacher need to motivate student through new atmosphere that make the student more interested in improving their speaking ability and more enjoyable to practice their speaking with certain technique.

To help the teachers create the student more interesting and enjoyable in speaking the writer offer a teaching technique in speaking which may help the student to achieve their speaking skill better.

As a professional teachers in the language teaching, especially the teaching of English a foreign language, teachers mostly spend much of time on appropriate teaching methodologist for greater effectiveness in students acquisitions on English, designing and implementing materials, test, and practice Teacher are responsible to educate the students from little or no knowledge to sufficient English speaking environment.

Mostly of the teaching method before the past few decades, found the teacher tend to carry out the teaching process in the classroom by applying traditional and monolingual principle ways of teaching with unsatisfactory. This shows that teachers need enrichments with appropriate ways of teaching atmosphere, that why in teaching English as the second language by applying new and modified fashions in order that the result of the teaching learning process would contribute more input to reach satisfied learning outcome. Whole around the world recently, where the people encourage that English as their target or second language used based on whole interactions and communication holding the dominant role of very aspects of their life. English is most widely used in teaching learning process of broader Educational occasions either formal or informal environment.

It is reasonable that English is progemmed as the first foreign or second language in many countries on this earth, furthermore in present global era. That is why experts on language and language teaching range must invent today English teaching and learning environment.

According to the 2006 English Curriculum and its supplement, the emphasis of the curriculum is that the students are able to communicate in English by mastering the whole skills. However, it is not easy to master all the skills; there must be one important skill that covers the whole skills. Based on the statement above speaking is the most important skill that should be mastered by students in order to communicate in English fluently.

In this case, the students must study hard to master it and the teacher should create a good atmosphere in class. However, it is contrary to the real situation in class. Speaking activities do not work in class because many factors prevent students from speaking English with their friends. They are afraid of making mistakes, of being laughed at by his or her friends and of having lack of confidence in their ability.

Considering problem, relating to speaking activities in class and helping students to improve their speaking skill is part of the teacher’s job. He or she is expected to have right teaching techniques to provide students with appropriate teaching materials and to create a positive classroom environment. Therefore, the students will have opportunity to use English among themselves. The teaching – learning process should not only happen between teacher and students but also between students and students.

Speaking is an activity used by someone to communicate with other. It takes place very where and has become part of our daily activities. When someone speaks, he or she interacts and uses the language to express his or her ideas, feeling and thought. He or she also shares information to other trough communication.

Many learners are not able to speak English well because they seldom to practice it in their days caused of nervous. They feel afraid to make some errors in speaking English so, they decide to be quiet. They are afraid their friends will mock them whether they make errors in talking.

Using voice chat is very effective to improve the learners speaking skill. But this method makes students brave to speak. This method needs the speaker to be active because if the speakers are passive those activities cannot be entered.

Pronunciation and vocabulary is also the most problem for common English learners. Both must be mastered by learner in other that they can communicate. Without English vocabulary learners cannot communicate in English. And without pronunciation mastery the misunderstanding between learners can be occurred. So pronunciation is very important. Many learners have problem in vocabularies and pronunciations even many vocabularies they know but they still do not know how to say those words correctly. Indeed pronunciation has rules that can be learnt.

Besides that many learners who is not motivated to talk English. This problem can be solved by giving some effective methods to them by their teacher. Here English teacher is challenged to help students like that to give some effective methods to improve their speaking skill. Speaking is the most important skill in oral communication. And oral communication is the most often used to communicate by people. If someone cannot speak he cannot be communicate to another. But there are some ways to solve this problem.

B. Identificton of the Problem

Based on the background of the study mentioned above, the identification of the problem of the research are :

1. How far the effectiveness of speaking through Voice Chat Media?

2. How The English by Voice Chat Media more interested to teach speaking?

3. How the teachers more interested to teach speaking trough Voice Chat Media?

4. How to make students confident to talk in learning speaking?

5. How English using Voice Chat Media more interesting for student to learn English?

6. Why Voice Chat Media suitable to teach speaking at tenth grade?

C. The Limitatiton of the Problem

The researcher limits the discussing of the study about, “TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL IN THE CLASSROOM USING VOICE CHAT MEDIA AT TENTH GRADE OF MA ARRASYIDIYYAH KOJA JAKARTA”. Because the researcher find, the effective method to teach using voice chat media. Especially for senior students for tenth grade.

D. Formulation of the Problem

Based on limitation of problem mentioned above, the problem of the research can be formulated as follows; How to Teaching Speaking Skill in the Classroom Using Voice Chat Media at Tenth Grade of MA Arrasyidiyyah Koja Jakarta.

E. Benefit of the Problem

The researcher hopes that this thesis can develop education institution to perform a language laboratory, teacher to use the approach and method properly in teaching speaking to their students; it can be refer for English teacher in studying which pursuant and guide liner of the better ways to achieve the successful English Study.

The benefit of this research for high school, that the headmaster of the school knows actually teaching and teaching speaking are really acceded by the teacher. The students of course the headmaster tries provide the equipment of speaking so that, the students speaking can be improved by practicing actively.

By using voice chat media in teaching speaking skill to the tenth grade high school. It motivates and encourages students of fourth grade elementary school; it motivates and encourages students to practice speaking English. It makes them enjoy expressing their feeling, ideas, opinion and even in messages and suggestions. Since it is fun activity, it helps students to take port in practice.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

A. Speaking

1. Definiton Of Speaking

Speaking is one of the skills that have to be mastered by students in learning English. It is important for students to known definition first. Many experts define speaking in different ways. Brown and Yule stated in their book. “Speaking is to express the needs–request, information, service, etc.” The speakers say words to the listener not only to express what in her mind but also to express what he needs whether information service. Most people might spend of their everyday life in communicating with other. Revell defines communication as follow: “Communication, of ideas, of opinions, of feeling.” Therefore, communication involves at least two people where both sender and receiver need to communicate to exchange information, ideas, opinions, views, or feelings.

Meanwhile, Jones stated, “Speaking is a form of communication.” We can say that the speaker must consider the person they are talking to as listeners. The activity that the person does primary based on particular goal. So, it is important that everything we wants to say is conveyed in an effective way, because speaking is not only producing sounds but also a process of achieving goals that involves transferring messages across. Jone said, “How you say something can be important as what you say in getting your meaning across.” Therefore, speaking process should pay attention to want and how to say as well as to whom appropriately.

In expression one’s need-request, information, service, we must consider some points about speaking. Jones stated, “Some point should be considered about speaking, they are clarity, variety, audience and tone.” Albert Valdman said, “The ability to speak a foreign language is without doubt the most highly prized language skills, and rightly. So, because he was can speak the language well can also understand it and can learn to read it with relative case an also the ability to speak a language will greatly expedite and facilitate learning to write it.” According to M. Solahudin in his book speaking is, “Kemampuan berbicara dengan bahasa Inggris dan pembicaraan kita dipahami oleh orang lain.” In order to express his or her needs, ideas, feeling and thought in real communication, one must be able to ask as well as answer questions.

Yusnaini Lubis says, “Question and answer, major elements in natural conversation sessions.” Beside on that statement we conclude that one of important aspects in speaking is there is a communication or interacting between the speaker and listener. So it will make the good attraction / understanding about the object of topic.

a. Clarity

It means that the words that the speakers use, must be clear, so that listeners can understand what the speaker says. Here, the speaker must consider speed and volume. The speed at which you speak is relevant her. If you speak quickly, listeners may have difficulty. The volume with which you speak can also have a bearing. Speak out and do not mumble. Your words have to be loud enough to reach all your listeners.

b. Variety

Here the speakers must try to vary way of speaking such as pitch (rise and fall of voice), emphasis, speed, variation, volume and pause. The speaker is expected to fine variation in saying words do not speak monotonously.

c. Audience and Tone

The way you speak and the tone you use will be affected by audience to whom you are speaking. If you are discussing something with your friends. You are likely to use informal conversational tone. If you are giving a talk to a group of thirty people. It likely that you would speak more formally and would raise the pitch and the volume of your voice in order to make sure that what you say reaches all of your listeners. If you were telling a comic story, you would speak differently from way you would if you were putting a point of view about which you felt strongly.

B. Voice Chat Media

1. Definition Voice Chat Media

2. The Basic of the Voice Chat

3. The Advantantage of the Voice Chat

4. Disadvantages of the Voice Chat

C. Teaching Speaking Skill by Using Voice Chat Media

Generally teaching is not only transferring knowledge or tough to the student, but it is guiding the students in order that they are able to be success. The process of teaching has three main components, the components are teacher who teacher, students who accept the knowledge and the last is material or knowledge it self which is taugh.

According to Tarigan in Lestari (2006:13), speaking is one of speech activity by using oral speech. Tarigan defined that’s speaking was a skill in conveying the message through oral speech. Meanwhile according to Kridalaksana in Lestari (2006:13) stated that speaking was an activity which produced language to communicate as a basic skill in speech.

Speaking is the difficult skill to develop among many students. It is most likely the most difficult activities among the four basic language skills. It needs basic knowledge which enables students to cover all necessary things to communicate with other people. In teaching how to improve speaking skill, there are many methods used in teaching learning process. It is base on the use of method is adjusted with the materials that will be taught. Every teacher should always prepare the suitable teaching method before presenting the materials in the class.

Speaking Skill can be explained as language abilities needed to interact in social situations. Language abilities include speaking with appropriate vocabulary, pronunciation, tone, intonation, rhythm, pauses, politeness and timing. To help students to be a better learner of English, there are ten “rules” for successful language learning that encourage them to follow. These rules suggest ways to help students become a successful learner, if they can follow this advice; they will learn English more successfully.

D. Chat in Language Teaching

Chat has enormous potential to link student around the world, in real time. It is a technology that many learners will often be familiar with and will use in their social lives, so it is worth exploiting in the class room where possible. Having said that, although types of cultural exchange describe above are hugely motivating to student, they will probably take place no more than a few times a term or semester.

In this chapter we look at the use of chat in the class room, where the teacher can link up classes and group in different locations, as part of collaborative project work or for one-off chat sessions such as those described above, we also look at the most likely application of chat, which is outside the class room, where learners in the same class chat together (or with the teacher) to improve their English as part of their homework or self-study activities.

One important issue to bear in mind is that using chat needs to have a clear purpose for learners. There is not much point taking a class of learners who regularly meet face-to-face to a computer room during class time simply to chat each other via computer when they can do so more effectively simply by turning to their partner! We will look at ways in which chat can be effectively integrated into teaching in the next sections.

E. Types of Voice Chat

Chat is a tool that allows for synchronous, i.e. real time, communication over the internet. When talking about chat, we need to distinguish between text and audio chat, and between public and private chat. all of which can take place one-to-one or between group or user. What makes chat essentially different from other forms of synchronous communication such as mobile phone texting, for example, is presence. Chat user are able to see the status / availability of other chat users, such as whether the user is online, away, busy, and so on.

There are several different types of educational chat that one can set up with learners. One way of classifying educational chats, suggested by practicing teacher Daphne Gonzalez is set out here :

• Free topic chat.

Here, there is no topic or agenda set for the chat, and no specific moderator role. An example of such a chat might be learners meeting in pairs or small groups via an instant messaging program to practice English together, for example at the weekend.

• Collaborative, task-oriented chat.

With this, learner meet via chat out of class to complete a real task, such as preparing a power point presentation or putting together the result of a survey which they will then present to peers in the classroom. Typically the learners are preparing some sort of ‘product‘ together as part of project work, and will probably have previously emailed a document or power point presentation to each other, which they can then refer to during the chat itself.

• Informative or academic chats

This kind of chat disseminates information. For example, a learner or teacher gives a presentation on a topic via chat. This is then followed by a question and answer stage. Another example is where a learner or the teacher bring specific question on the topic to be explored in the chat itself. This approach works well in the context of a blended learning solution, where learners meet some of the time online and some of the time face-to-face.

• Practice chats.

These chat will practice a specific function or form of language, or specific skill or strategy, and will probably take place out of class time. Examples are: a voice chat practicing communication strategies such as circumlocution to describe an object. Practicing specific language forms such as the past tense, or future tenses for predictions; and practicing pronunciation features via voice chat.

F. Ways in using Voice Chat

To start using chat in the class room, we would suggest a carefully stage approach, which will help get both learners and teachers familiar with the chat program, how it works and what it can be used for. We would suggest starting out with text chat. And then move on the voice chat once learners would include a ‘real’ use of chat. For example chatting to learners in a different country, or using chat outside of class time with learner from their own class. Initially it is good idea to use chat in class with your learners a couple of times, to help them become comfortable with it, so that they can then go on and use it outside class.

1. Step 1 – install and learn to use the software.

Download and install a popular instant messaging program which include both text and voice chat facilities (e.g. Yahoo! Messenger, MSN messenger, Google talk or Skype- this last is especially recommended) to your school computers. If you are not familiar with instant messaging yourself, get a colleague to practice using the program with you, and make sure you understand the basic of how to use the text and voice chat in your chosen program. Note that you will need a partner to do this.

2. Step 2- A practice chat class.

One you have established how much chat experience and expertise you already have in the class, run a practice’ chat session with your learners on the computer, preferably in pairs. With less experienced chat user paired with more experienced chat users. Explain the clearly that the aim of the practice class in simply to encourage them to chat to each others to become familiar with the software, even if the situation is somewhat unrealistic as learners will be sitting together in the same computer room! Make clear to learners that the goal of using chat will be for them to use chat to practice their English outside class. Remember that before learner can chat together they will need to have created a user name and password for the software, and to have invited each other to join their contact list.

3. Step 3- contact with another class.

The potential of chat for linking groups of learner, who are far apart, in real time, is vast. How can a teacher go about sitting up such a project? Through an internationals teacher’s network make contact with teacher who would like to link up their classes via chat, and together decide on a time to chat. it is well worth first getting the two classes to email each other a little before chatting online. To make the initial contact with a class in a different country less intimidate for your learners. You may first want to set up several encounter using text chat only.

G. Benefits of Using Voice Media in Teaching Speaking Skill in Classroom

Using voice chat in class room can be hugely motivating to learners. By using voice chat with learners, the teacher is bringing current technology into the language learning process, creating variety by using a “new” tool and also opening up the possibility of contacting and communicating with classes in other parts of the world. There are increasing numbers of teachers in all levels of education using chat to connect learners at a distance, from primary student to adults.

H. Advantages of Using Voice in Teaching Speaking Skill in Classroom

With increasingly easy access to voice chat, it is probably worth expressing your learner to a combination of both voice chat and text chat. If possible, as with any tool, there are a number of advantages such as :

1. Learner may already use voice chat at home.

2. Bring current technology into the class room.

3. Use of a new tool can be motivating for learners.

4. Enable learners to make contact with learners in other countries

5. ‘real’ oral practice of language

6. Voice chat software increasingly easy to download and use.

I. Technology Improves English Speaking Skills

Technology in language teaching is not new. Indeed, technology has been around in language teaching for decades. The use of technology in the class room is becoming increasingly important, and it will become a normal part of ELT (English Language Teaching) practice in the coming years and it will improves English speaking skill. There are many reasons for this :

• Internet access- either in private home, or at internet cafes-is becoming increasingly available to learners.

• Younger learners are growing up with technology, and it is natural and integrated part of their lives. For these learners the use of technology is away to bring the outside world into the class room. And some of these younger learners will in turn become teacher themselves.

• English, as an international language, is being used in technologically mediated context.

• Technology especially the internet presents us with new opportunities for authentic tasks and materials, as well as access to wealth of ready made ELT materials.

• The internet offer excellent opportunities for collaboration and communication between learners who are geographically dispersed.

• Technology is offered with published materials such as course books and resources books for teacher.

• Learners increasingly expect language school to integrate technology into teaching.

• Technology offers new ways for practicing language and assessing performance.

• Technology is becoming increasingly mobile. It can be used not only in the class room, lecture hall, computer room or self-access center; it can also be used at home, on the way to school and in internet cafés.

• Using a range of ICT (Information and communication Technology) tools can give learner exposure to and practice in all of the four main languages skill-speaking, listening, writing and reading.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Purpose of the Study

The purpose of research is to get the new theory, especially to know teaching speaking by using games effective at fourth grade of elementary school. Teacher hopes them to active in practicing English speaking in class. It is expected that the students can enjoy to expressing their ideas opinion and feeling and can match dialogue with situation and condition. Besides that, they can also get fun in learning English in school especially for learning English speaking.

B. Time And Place of the Research

The place to research teaching speaking using voice chat media for tenth grade students of high school. This research takes place during one semester about four months from ………. - …………… 2013.

C. Research Method

In this research, the researcher uses the qualitative research with classroom study. The qualitative method is the kinds of the data are the descriptive data. From getting the data, the research wants to describe and explain the problem that chosen in this researching. In the research, it does not used questioner but using the work sheet to evaluate the result and using topic of speaking as a material, because the research focused on classroom study.

Classroom action research method tends to rules of speaking or how to improve the speaking English trough games. It is true, that uses the three cycles, and every cycle consists of four steps. On the other hands, of course, it uses the collaboration method too, for example the role play and the answer question; the answer question method and guessing games; or collaboration of three methods.

D. Source of the Research

The subject of the research is the students from forth grade elementary school. There are 20 (twenty) students on the class. The researches use the method and the technique teaching speaking through guessing games.

E. Technique of Data Collecting

The collecting data that is the researcher get the data from the students especially for 10th grade of high school. The researcher attends to the data, which are the result of applying teaching speaking though voice chat media.

In the following section, the researcher explains about procedure of teaching, speaking using voice chat media. The procedure is dividing into some stages. They are socializing voice chat media, try to operate voice chat media, and asking Question and asking giving answer. The researcher gave speaking skill test before did the presentation of lessons material (pre-test). After giving the treatment, give the some test (post-test) then made calculation of result from both test.

1. Socializing Voice Chat Media

a. Teacher introduces voice chat media

b. Teacher states the aims of voice chat media

c. Teacher explains the concept of voice chat media

d. Teacher has the rules of voice chat media

e. Teacher checks students’ understanding

2. Try to Practice Voice Chat Media

a. Teacher give some topic as teaching material

b. Teacher explains the use voice chat media

c. Teacher explains step by step how to operate the software of voice chat media

d. Teacher ask to students for practice using voice chat media

3. Asking Questions and Giving Answer

a. Teacher asks to practice the speaking by asking question and giving answer to each group

b. Teacher asks each group to perform once.

F. Analysis of the Research

There, the analysis of the research uses the descriptive analysis. Based on this method there has some advantages and weaknesses.

Some of the advantages of using teaching speaking using voice chat media are as follows :

1. Using voice chat media make students more pleasure from regular activities in class. It creates a relaxed atmosphere in the classroom.

2. Using voice chat media can encourage the students to communicate in English because the games are combinations between language practice with fun and excitement.

3. Voice chat media can practice the students’ ability in forming many kind of dialogues.

4. Voice chat media will make students more

While the weaknesses are:

1. In applying voice chat media, the teacher needs the students who are skillful formulating question from dialogue.

2. In applying voice chat media, the teacher needs internet or software so make anytime.

3. In applying voice chat media, the students that never use internet will trouble etc.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

In teaching how to improve speaking skill, there are many methods used in teaching learning process. It is base on the use of method is adjusted with the materials that will be taught. Every teacher should always prepare the suitable teaching method before presenting the materials in the class.

Many learners are not able to speak English well because they seldom to practice it in their days caused of nervous. They feel afraid to make some errors in speaking English so, they decide to be quiet. They are afraid their friends will mock them whether they make errors in talking.

Using voice chat is very effective to improve the learners speaking skill. But this method makes students brave to speak. This method needs the speaker to be active because if the speakers are passive those activities cannot be entered.

B. Suggestion

It is very suggested for English learners to use technologies in practicing speaking English. Speaking English must be practiced and habited. Using voice chat is also suggested for English teachers to be applied in their class if it is enable to do. This way will be very effective to improve students speaking skill. This way also will help learners to kill their nervous that has been most problem for common English learner in Indonesia.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dudeney, Gavin & Nicky Hockly. 2007. How to Teach English with Technology. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited.

Thornburry, Scott.2005. How to Teach Speaking. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited.

Hughes, Rebecca. 2002. Teaching and Researching Speaking. Edinburgh: Longman

Harmer, Jeremy. 2004. How to Teach English. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited.

Brindley, Susan. (2003). Teaching English. London: Routledge

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Zina (Dosa dan Hukumannya)

Zina adalah dosa yang sangat besar dan sangat keji serta seburuk-buruk jalan yang ditempuh oleh seseorang berdasarkan firman Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala.

وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَا ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا

“Artinya : Dan janganlah kamu mendekati zina, karena sesungguhnya zina itu adalah faahisah (perbuatan yang keji) dan seburuk-buruk jalan (yang ditempuh oleh seseorang)” [Al-Israa : 32]

Para ulama menjelaskan bahwa firman Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala : “Janganlah kamu mendekati zina”, maknanya lebih dalam dari perkataan : “Janganlah kamu berzina” yang artinya : Dan janganlah kamu mendekati sedikit pun juga dari pada zina [1]. Yakni : Janganlah kamu mendekati yang berhubungan dengan zina dan membawa kepada zina apalagi sampai berzina. [2]

Faahisah فَاحِشَةً = maksiat yang sangat buruk dan jelek
Wa saa’a sabiila وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا = karena akan membawa orang yang melakukannya ke dalam neraka.

Tidak ada perselisihan di antara para ulama bahwa zina termasuk Al-Kabaa’ir (dosa-dosa besar) berdasarkan ayat di atas dan sabda Nabi yang mulia Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam.


“Artinya : Apabila seorang hamba berzina keluarlah iman [3] darinya. Lalu iman itu berada di atas kepalanya seperti naungan, maka apabila dia telah bertaubat, kembali lagi iman itu kepadanya” [Hadits shahih riwayat Abu Dawud no. 4690 dari jalan Abu Hurairah]

Berkata Ibnu Abbas. : “Dicabut cahaya (nur) keimanan di dalam zina” [Riwayat Bukhari di awal kitab Hudud, Fathul Bari 12:58-59]

Dan sabda Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam.

“Artinya : Dari Abi Hurairah, ia berkata : Telah bersabda Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, “Tidak akan berzina seorang yang berzina ketika dia berzina padahal dia seorang mukmin. Dan tidak akan meminum khamr ketika dia meminumnya padahal dia seorang mukmin. Dan tidak akan mencuri ketika dia mencuri padahal dia seorang mukmin. Dan tidak akan merampas barang yang manusia (orang banyak) melihat kepadanya dengan mata-mata mereka ketika dia merampas barang tersebut pada dia seorang mukmin” [Hadits shahih riwayat Bukhari no. 2475, 5578, 6772, 6810 dan Muslim 1/54-55]

Maksud dari hadits yang mulia ini ialah :
Pertama : Bahwa sifat seorang mukmin tidak berzina dan seterusnya.
Kedua : Apabila seorang mukmin itu berzina dan seterusnya maka hilanglah kesempurnaan iman dari dirinya”[4]

Di antara sifat “ibaadur Rahman” [5] ialah : ‘tidak berzina’. Maka apabila seorang itu melakukan zina, niscaya hilanglah sifat-sifat mulia dari dirinya bersama hilangnya kesempurnaan iman dan nur keimannya. [6]

Setelah kita mengetahui berdasarkan nur Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah Nabi yang mulia Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bahwa zina termasuk ke dalam Al-Kabaair (dosa-dosa besar) maka akan lebih besar lagi dosanya apabila kita melihat siapa yang melakukannya dan kepada siapa?

Kalau zina itu dilakukan oleh orang yang telah tua, maka dosanya akan lebih besar lagi berdasarkan sabda Nabi yang mulia Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam.

“Artinya : Ada tiga golongan (manusia) yang Allah tidak akan berbicara kepada mereka pada hari kiamat dan tidak mensucikan mereka dan tidak melihat kepada mereka, dan bagi mereka siksa yang sangat pedih, yaitu ; Orang tua yang berzina, raja yang pendusta (pembohong) dan orang miskin yang sombong” [Hadits shahih riwayat Muslim 1/72 dari jalan Abu Hurairah, ia berkata : Telah bersabda Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam seperti diatas]

Demikian juga apabila dilakukan oleh orang yang telah nikah atau pernah merasakan nikah yang shahih baik sekarang ini sebagai suami atau istri atau duda atau janda, sama saja, dosanya sangat besar dan hukumannya sangat berat yang setimpal dengan perbuatan mereka, yaitu didera sebanyak seratus kali kemudian di rajam sampai mati atau cukup di rajam saja. Adapun bagi laki-laki yang masih bujang atau dan anak gadis hukumnya didera seratus kali kemudian diasingkan (dibuang) selama satu tahun. Dengan melihat kepada perbedaan hukuman dunia maka para ulama memutuskan berbeda juga besarnya dosa zina itu dari dosa besar kepada yang lebih besar dan sebesar-besar dosa besar. Mereka melihat siapa yang melakukannya dan kepada siapa dilakukannya.

Kemudian, kalau kita melihat kepada siapa dilakukannya, maka apabila seorang itu berzina dengan isteri tetangganya, masuklah dia kedalam sebesar-besar dosa besar (baca kembali haditsnya di fasal kedua dari jalan Ibnu Mas’ud). Dan lebih membinasakan lagi apabila zina itu dilakukan kepada mahramnya seperti kepada ibu kandung, ibu tiri, anak, saudara kandung, keponakan, bibinya dan lain-lain yang ada hubungan mahram, maka hukumannya adalah bunuh. [7]

Setelah kita mengetahui serba sedikit tentang zina [8], dan dosanya, hukumannya di dunia di dalam syari’at Allah dan adzabnya di akhirat yang akan membawa para penzina terpanggang di dalam neraka, sekarang tibalah bagi kami untuk mejelaskan pokok permasalahan di dalam fasal ini yaitu hamil di luar nikah dan masalah nasab anak. Dalam fasal ini ada beberapa kejadian yang masing-masing berbeda hukumnya, maka kami berkata:

[Disalin dari kitab Menanti Buah Hati Dan Hadiah Untuk Yang Dinanti (Diringkasg dari pembahasan pembuka HAMIL DI LUAR NIKAH DAN MASALAH NASAB ANAK, Penulis Abdul Hakim bin Amir Abdat, Penerbit Darul Qolam Jakarta, Cetakan I – Th 1423H/2002M]
_______
Footnote
[1]. Tafsir Al-Qurthubiy, Juz 10 hal. 253
[2]. Tafsir Ruhul Ma’aaniy Juz 15 hal. 67-68 Al-Imam Al-Aluwsiy Al-Baghdadi. Tafsir Bahrul Muhith Juz 6 hal. 33.
[3]. Yang dimaksud “kesempurnaan iman dan cahayanya” baca syarah hadits ini di Faidlul Qadir Syarah Jami’ush Shagir 1/367 no. 660
[4]. Lihat syarah hadits ini di Fathul Bari no. 6772 Syarah Muslim Juz.2 hal.41-45 Imam An-Nawawi. Kitabul Iman oleh Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah hal.239, 240
[5]. Tafsir Ibnu Katsir surat Al-Furqan ayat 68
[6]. Lihatlah tentang permasalahan zina, kerusakannya, hukumannya, dosanya, siksanya di kitab Jawaaabul Kaafiy, hal. 223 -239 dan 240 – 249 oleh Al-Imam Ibnul Qayyim
[7]. Tafsir Ibnu Katsir surat An-Nisaa ayat 22
[8]. Keluasan masalah zina dapat dibaca dan diteliti di kitab-kitab fiqih dan syarah hadits.

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DPR

DPR atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan dewan perwakilan rakyat. Merupakan sebuah lembaga pemerintah yang bertugas untuk membuat undang-undang sekaligus menjaga jalannya undang-undang tersebut. DPR dipilih oleh rakyat melalui daerah pilih masing-masing ditiap kota dan kabupaten untuk mewakili seluruh kepentingan rakyatnya. Rakyatnya pengin mobil mewah, sudah diwakili oleh DPR, rakyat mau punya rumah mewah, sudah diwakili oleh DPR, semuanya telah diwakili. Dan konon katanya DPR merupakan pejabat paling kaya dengan gaji dan tunjangan yang menggiurkan. Akan tetapi sungguh sangat sedih jika yang menilai adalah Allah swt melalui firmannya dalam Al-Qur'an yang menjelaskan bahwa barang siapa yang berhukum dengan hukum selain hukum Allah maka dia telah kafir, DPR adalah yang membuat gimana undang-undang atau hukum. gimana hukumnya ya??

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Air Merupakan Kebutuhan Dasar Dalam Kehidupan Manusia

Air merupakan kebutuhan dasar dalam kehidupan manusia, yang dianugerahkan Allah kepada Makhluk di muka bumi. Banyak firman Allah yang menyatakan bahwa Allah lah yang menurunkan air dari langit. dan di surga pun terdapat air sungai yang mengalir.
Air menjadi bagian penting atau komponen penting bagi tubuh kita,karena sebagian tubuh terdiri dari 80% cairan.Jadi jika kita kehilangan cairan maka tubuh tidak bisa berfungsi dengan baik karena pengaruh air sangat penting bagi tubuh.Maka dari itu jangan sempat tubuh anda kekurangan cairan tubuh.Fungsi air menjadi peranan penting bagi aktifitas tubuh kita.Karena setiap harinya kita pergi kerja,sekolah,bermain,tidur dan aktifitas lainnya tentunya cairanlah yang memegang peranan dalam mengkontrol tubuh kita.

Air menjadi sumber bagi kehidupan manusia baik itu untuk mencuci,mandi,dan minum.Jadi sehariannya air adalah komponen utama dalam aktiftas hidup manusia.Coba bayangkan kalau tidak ada air apa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari?Itu bisa anda jawab dalam hati anda sendiri dan pastinya anda sudah tahu benar apa yang menjadi jawaban faktanya.Terutama jika makan kalau tidak ada air putih bagaimana yah ???

Air putih membantu proses kerja metabolisme tubuh serta membantu proses peningkatan kerja organ tubuh.
Maka dari itu dibawah ini akan dijelaskan manfaat dari air putih tersebut dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari :

1.Menjaga metabolisme tubuh
Air yang kita konsumsi dapat menjaga metabolisme tubuh menjadi lebih baik karena hampir setiap harinya kita melakukan aktiftas sehingga akan membutuhkan banyak air untuk memperlancar organ tubuh kita seperti saluran pencernaan,saluran pernapasan,saluran kemih.Bayangkan tanpa cairan atau air maka tubuh tidak akan dapat bekerja dengan baik tanpa adanya cairan dalam tubuh,

2.Menghilangkan Rasa Lapar
Air juga bisa membantu kita sedikit menghilangkan rasa lapar pada tubuh kita,apabila lapar cobalah minum air putih satu gelas untuk mencegah rasa lapar yang mungkin sebentar saja hilang,tapi ini efektif bagi kesehatan lambung dan usus anda sehingga saluran pencernaan tidak akan lebih banyak menyerap sisa karbohidrat dalam tubuh.

3.Membantu meningkatkan fungsi kerja Otak
Ternyata air yang kita konsumsi akan membantu menambah cairan dalam tubuh yang diperlukan bagi kinerja otak,karena otak juga butuh sedikit cairan untuk mempermudah mengkordinasikan sistem kerja tubuh.

4.Mengeluarkan Racun Dalam Tubuh
Racun dalam tubuh akan selalu ada jika kita tidak keluarkan dari dalam tubuh kita,ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengeluarkan racun tersebut yakni dari saluran kemih atau air seni yang kita keluarkan.Air yang kita minum tersebut akan mampu membuang dan mengeluarkan racun dalam tubuh yang hasil racun tersebut dikeluarkan dalam bentuk air seni.Jika air seni anda berwarna berarti pertanda didalam tubuh masih ada zat racun yang terkandung baik dari yang kita makan maupun dari obat yang kita minum.Ada baiknya konsumsi air putih sebanyak 8 gelas satu hari agar kotoran dan racun dalam tubuh anda selalu terjaga dari racun yang ada dalam tubuh,dan akan dikeluarkan dari dari saluran kemih kita yang disebuh air seni.Atau dapat juga melalui pori-pori kulit kita.

5.Membuat kulit menjadi sehat dan halus
Air kita yang minum akan biasanya akan disimpan dalam tubuh.Dan jika kita melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari akan dikeluarkan dari kulit yakni dari pori-pori kita.Dengan keluarnya keringat dari pori-pori kita otomatis kulit akan menjadi lebih bagus dan kulit akan menjadi lebih halus.Karena akibat pori-pori yang terbuka tadi yang mengeluarkan keringat tadi.

6.Air putih dapat melangsingkan tubuh.
Tubuh kita ini terdiri dari 80% cairan yang memang harus kita penuhi dengan air.Kita yang sering mengkonsumsi air putih akan membuat tubuh terasa akan kurang terlalu banyak mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung karbohidrat dan lemak.Dalam arti air putih akan sedikit mengurangi tingkat konsumsi makan yang berelebihan sehingga tingkat nafsu akan selalu terjaga.

7.Mengurangi Resiko Batu Ginjal
Apa yang terjadi jika kita kurang mengkonsumsi air putih?yakni biasanya akan terkena penyakit batu ginjal,ini terjadi karena kita kurang banyak minum air putih.Sehingga membuat kantung kemih atau saluran ginjal menjadi kering yang mengakibatkan rusaknya fungsi kerja batu ginjal tersebut.Untuk itu perbanyak minum air putih untuk menjaga keseimbangan kesehatan anda.

Bagaimanakah dengan anda sudakah anda mengkonsumsi air putih dengan teratur serta rutin menjaga cairan tubuh agar tetap seimbang dan selalu sehat melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari.Untuk itu kesehatan adalah segalanya ada baiknya mencegah lebih baik dari mengobati.

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