English : Translation I

A. Definition : Translation is the replacement of textual material in one leaguage (SL) by equivalent textual material in another leaguage (TL). (Catford,1969:20).
B. Type and Categories of Translation : Catford devides translation into there distinetive types, namely :
a). Full translation is submitted to the translation process, that is every part of the SL text is replaced by TL text material, example : Aku cinta Indonesia (I love Indonesia).
b). Partial translation is some part of parts of the SL text are left untranslated, example : I like hamburger (Saya suka hamburger).
c). Restricted translation at the grammatical and lexical levels means, respectively, replacement of SL grammar by equivalent TL grammar, but with no replacement of lexis, and replacement of SL lexis by equivalent TL lexis but with no replacement of grammar, example - replacement of grammar, Anak itu/telah tidur/selama/tiga jam (Noun det/aux verb/prep/det noun). - Replacement of lexis, Anak itu/telah tidur/selama/tiga jam (Child that/already sleep/for/three hour).
C. Translation Principles : Savory,1969:49)
a). Translation must give the words of the original.
b). Translation must give the idea of the original.
c). Translation should read like an original.
d). Translation should read like a translation.
e). Translation should reflect the style of the original.
f). Translation should prosses the style of the translation.
g). Translation should read as a contemporary of the original.
h). Translation should read as a contemporary of the translation.
i). Translation may add to or omit from the original.
j). Translation may never add to or omit from the original.
k). Translation of verse should be in verse.
l). Translation of verse should be in prose.
D. Translation Procedures